The aim of the present project is to develop perfusion units including sensors. In these bioreactors complex tissue models, especially of the thorax, must be cultured and characterized non-invasively. After the technology has been standardized, relevant biomarkers will be identified in the long term to enable co-evolution between tissue and implant. The challenge lies in the development of intelligent implants that react to environmental factors in the sense of co-evolution, for example with the release of steroids in the event of inflammation.